Arnolds Epochs of Expansion and Epochs of Concentration

I am bound by my own definition of criticism: a disinterested endeavor to learn and propagate the best that is known and thought in the world; (Leitch 824) said the Victorian poet and critic Matthew Arnold. Matthew Arnold, an English poet and critic whose work was both a representative of the Romantic ideas and of the Victorian intellectual concerns later on was the primary literary critic of his age. Arnolds critical theories is highlighted mainly through his most important critical prose The Function of Criticism at the Present Time in which he examines the role of the critic in society and presents his critical concept. Arnolds contribution to literary theory is his theories on epochs of expansion and epochs of concentration,†¦show more content†¦In Arnolds essay The Function of Criticism at the Present Time, Arnold asserted that criticism is a positive and noble task. Since, Arnold began as a poet and was a poet himself he gives some emphasis to the creative abilities of the poet yet he also gives a greater emphasis to the analytical abilities of the critic. Matthew Arnold introduced the concept of poetry as a synthesizing process in which the poet synthesizes ideas and puts these ideas together to form a work of art. He also introduced the role of the critic being the analyst of those ideas. So, in other words, Arnold states that the poet collects the information and the critic saturates or divides those ideas and by dividing and synthesizing these ideas there will be an artistic process or dialogue in which the poets will see their work analyzed and view their weak points and try to synthesize new and powerful ideas. After the poet synthesizes newer and powerful ideas the critic then will take these ideas and analyze them, divide them, break them apart and talk about the strong and weak points in them, so this is a continual process of analyzing and synthesizing. Arnold gives the poet the creative ability and the critic the analytical ability; ye t, both of them are creators, one of them synthesizes and produces or creates and the other analyzes and by analyzing he introduces new ideas to the poet. The critic

Health Promotion Of South Africa - 2214 Words

Health Promotion Located in West Africa, Nigeria is the population giant of Africa, with more than 130 million people. The terrain changes from the oil-rich Niger Delta in the south to a belt of rain forests inland and to high savanna-covered plateaus in the north. The population is as diverse as it is large, with some 250 ethnic groups. Nigeria s three largest ethnic groups are: Hausa-Fulani (29 percent of the population), Yoruba (21 percent) and Igbo, or Ibo (18 percent). Northern Nigeria is mostly Islamic and dominated by the Hausa-Fulani ethnic group. Southern Nigeria is more westernized and urbanized than the north, with the Yoruba in the southwest and the Igbo in the southeast. It is estimated that about half the Yorubas are Christian and half Muslim, though many maintain traditional beliefs. The Igbo in the southwest tend to be Christian; many are Roman Catholic. A century of British rule ended in 1960. After independence, ethnic tensions increased, deepened by the rift between the poor north and the more prosperous south. Civil war raged from 1967 to 1970, when the Igbo fought unsuccessfully for autonomy as the Republic of Biafra. The end of the civil war did not mark a return to political stability. After decades of military coups and military rule, free elections were held in 1999 that brought Nigeria back on the road to democracy. The system of government is based on the United States model with a federal government and 36 states, with a Federal Capital TerritoryShow MoreRelatedSoul City Television Essay1568 Words   |  7 Pagesentertainment function (Yach, 1992). This is a South African television series that was started in the early nineties. It also has, this television series reflects the social and improvement challenges looked by poor groups all over the place. 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Peter I (The Great) Essay Example For Students

Peter I (The Great) Essay Peter I, was born to Alexis Romanov and his second wife Natalia Naryshkina. Peter grew up in a turbulent period of Russian history. His fathers early death at the age of thirty-one left a bitter struggle for power between the family of Alexiss first wifes family, the Miloslavskaias, and Peters family. A brief period of reign by Peters half brother Fedor (1676-1682) was followed by his half sister Sofia assuming control of Russia as regent from 1682-1689. During this time Peter and his half brother, Ivan V, waited as co-Czars until they came of age. Meanwhile Peter spent many of his formative years in the country estate of Preobrazhenskoe, just outside of Moscow. It was here that Peter fostered his love of warfare, and had his first contact with Westerners. Rather than being educated in the traditional manner, Peter was allowed to play war games. From an assortment of commoners, courtiers, and foreigners Peter formed two regiments, the Preobrazhenskii and Semenovskii, which he outfitted with real weaponry and drilled into what would later become his imperial guard. Also during this time, Peter developed two other passions. The first was sailing, which he first came in contact with by discovering an old English sailboat. The second was the love of all things Western, which came from his frequent visits to the nearby foreign quarter of Moscow. By 1689 Peter had grown to the towering height of six feet seven inches, and was armed with a quick mind and boundless ambition. At this time Sofia attempted to murder Peter, but failed due to strong support for Peter from loyal Muscovites and foreigners. Shortly after assuming full power in 1695, Peter left on an unprecedented tour of Europe, in which he traveled undercover as a diplomat. Upon his return to Russia in 1698, Peter began his reign in earnest. Armed with much knowledge of the West, he started a series of military campaigns, enacted sweeping reforms, and nearly single handedly thrust Russia to the forefront of European power. Peter is perhaps best known for his reforms that altered the face of Russia permanently. Peters hatred of traditional Muscovite custom prompted many of his reforms. Amongst reforms aimed at creating a Western culture were laws demanding men to be clean-shaven and all clothing and riding attire must be of German style. Peter also changed the calendar to the same style used in most of Europe. Peters most influential reforms, though, dealt with the military. Peter essentially founded Russias military tradition. During his reign the Russian military increased from around 30,000 men in 1695, to nearly 300,000 men in 1725, and that included the newly formed navy. Peter was able to do this for a number of reasons. First he began mass conscriptions of both peasants and nobles. To logistically support the military, he completely restructured the government into a bureaucratic state with its capital in the newly built city of St. Petersburg. To pay for it he nearly tripled the taxes through various means. The most profitable tax was the head tax in which nearly every Russian male had to pay solely because they lived in Russia. To outfit the military, Peter created iron foundries and textile mills. To train it, he hired Western advisors to make up for the lack of Russian expertise. Nearly all of this was done to feed Peters imperial ambitions. The most important part of Peters imperialism was the Great Northern War with Sweden, which lasted for nearly his entire reign. Through much difficulty Russia eventually won the war with the signing of the Treaty of Nystadt in 1721. Although Russia had really won the war in 1709 at the battle of Poltava, Sweden continued to fight because of support from France and Britain. The results of the war made Russia the most powerful country in Northern Europe, and the undisputed master of the Baltic Sea. The Great Northern War also, and more importantly, made Peter revered throughout Europe as a powerful, successful, and ultimately Western style leader of a respected nation. .u8f030db2fc1fbdfd924311e96b749a7c , .u8f030db2fc1fbdfd924311e96b749a7c .postImageUrl , .u8f030db2fc1fbdfd924311e96b749a7c .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u8f030db2fc1fbdfd924311e96b749a7c , .u8f030db2fc1fbdfd924311e96b749a7c:hover , .u8f030db2fc1fbdfd924311e96b749a7c:visited , .u8f030db2fc1fbdfd924311e96b749a7c:active { border:0!important; } .u8f030db2fc1fbdfd924311e96b749a7c .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u8f030db2fc1fbdfd924311e96b749a7c { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u8f030db2fc1fbdfd924311e96b749a7c:active , .u8f030db2fc1fbdfd924311e96b749a7c:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u8f030db2fc1fbdfd924311e96b749a7c .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u8f030db2fc1fbdfd924311e96b749a7c .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u8f030db2fc1fbdfd924311e96b749a7c .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u8f030db2fc1fbdfd924311e96b749a7c .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u8f030db2fc1fbdfd924311e96b749a7c:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u8f030db2fc1fbdfd924311e96b749a7c .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u8f030db2fc1fbdfd924311e96b749a7c .u8f030db2fc1fbdfd924311e96b749a7c-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u8f030db2fc1fbdfd924311e96b749a7c:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: ANIMAL SUFFERING: LEARNING NOT TO CARE AND NOT TO EssayNotes:Bibliography:Mackenzie, David, and Curran, Michael W., A History of Russia, the Soviet Union, and Beyond, Wadsworth Publishing Company, Belmont, California, 1993Dukes, Paul, The Making of Russian Absolutism, 1613-1801, Longman Press, New York, 1982Words/ Pages : 703 / 24